The Maya Lowlands Region of the Maya Civilization

The Maya lowlands region is where the Classic Maya civilization arose. An extensive area including some 96,000 square miles (250,000 square kilometers), the Maya lowlands are located in the northern part of Central America, in the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico, Guatemala and Belize, at sea level elevations from 25 feet (7.6 meters) to approximately 2,600 ft (800 m) above sea level. In contrast, the Maya highlands area (above 2,600 ft) is located south of the lowlands in mountainous regions of Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras. Key Takeaways: Maya Lowlands The Maya lowlands is the name of a region of central America that includes parts of Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize.  The region is a hugely varied environment, from desert to tropical rain forest, and in this varied climate, the Classic Maya arose and developedBetween 3 and 13 million people lived there during classic period times.   Lowland Maya People Map of the Maya Region. Base Map: GringoInChile At the height of the Classic period Maya civilization, about 700 CE, there were between 3 million to 13 million people living in the Maya Lowlands. They lived in about 30 small polities that varied in their organization, from expansive regional states to smaller city-states and loosely organized associations. The polities spoke different Maya languages and dialects and practiced different forms of social and political organization. Some interacted within a broader Mesoamerican system, trading with many different groups such as the Olmec. There were similarities among the polities in the Maya lowlands: they practiced a settlement pattern of low-density urbanism, and their rulers were political and religious leaders called kujul ajaw (holy lord), who were supported by a dynastic royal court made up of family members, religious and administrative officials, and artisans. The Maya communities also shared a market economy, that combined both an elite-controlled trading network of exotic materials, as well as a day-to-day market for individuals. The lowland Maya grew avocado, beans, chili peppers, squash, cacao and maize, and raised turkeys and macaws; and they made pottery and figurines, as well as tools and other objects of obsidian, greenstone, and shell. The Maya people of the lowlands also shared complex ways to retain water (constructed bedrock chambers called chultunes, wells, and reservoirs), hydraulic management methods (canals and dams), and enhanced agricultural production (terraces and raised and drained fields called chinampas.) They built public spaces (ballcourts, palaces, temples), private spaces (houses, residential plaza groups), and infrastructure (roads and processional routes known as sacbe, public plazas, and storage facilities). Modern Maya living in the region today include the Yucatec Maya of the northern lowlands, the Chorti Maya in the southeastern lowlands, and the Tzotzil in the southwestern lowlands. Variations in the Climate Great Cenote at Chichen Itza. Michael Rael Overall, there is little exposed surface water in the region: what there is can be found in lakes in the Peten, swamps, and cenotes, natural sinkholes created by the Chicxulub crater impact. In general terms of climate, the Maya lowland region experiences a rainy and muggy season from June to October, a relatively cool season from November to February, and a hot season from March to May. The heaviest rainfall ranges from 35–40 inches per year on the west coast of the Yucatan to 55 inches on the east coast.   Scholars have divided the Lowland Maya region into many different zones, based on differences in agricultural soils, the length and timing of wet and dry seasons, water supply and quality, elevation about sea level, vegetation, and biotic and mineral resources. In general, the southeastern parts of the region are moist enough to support a complex canopy of a tropical rain forest, ranging up to 130 ft (40 m) in height; while the northwest corner of the Yucatan is so dry that it approaches desert-like extremes. The entire area is characterized by shallow or waterlogged soils and was once covered in dense tropical forests. The forests harbored a range of animals, including two kinds of deer, peccary, tapir, jaguar, and several species of monkeys. Sites in the Maya Lowlands Mexico: Dzibilchaltun, Mayapan, Uxmal, Tulum, Ek Balam, Labna, Calakmul, Palenque, Yaxchilan, Bonampak, Coba, Sayil, Chichen Itza, XicalangoBelize: Altun Ha, Pulltrouser Swamp, Xunantunich, LamanaiGuatemala: El Mirador, Piedras Negras, Nakbe, Tikal, Ceibal Sources and Further Reading Ball, Joseph W. The Maya Lowlands North. Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia. Eds. Evans, Susan Toby and David L. Webster. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 2001. 433–441. Print.Chase, Arlen F., et al. Tropical Landscapes and the Ancient Maya: Diversity in Time and Space. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 24.1 (2014): 11–29. Print.Douglas, Peter M.J., et al. Impacts of Climate Change on the Collapse of Lowland Maya Civilization. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 44.1 (2016): 613–45. Print.Gunn, Joel D., et al. A Distribution Analysis of the Central Maya Lowlands Ecoinformation Network: Its Rises, Falls, and Changes. Ecology and Society 22.1 (2017). Print.Houston, Stephen D. The Maya Lowlands South. Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia. Eds. Evans, Susan Toby and David L. Webster. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 2001. 441–4417. Print.Lucero, Lisa J., Roland Fletcher, and Robin Coningham. From ‘Collapse’ to Urban Diaspora: The Transformation of Low-Density, Dispersed Agrarian Urbanism. Antiquity 89.347 (2015): 1139–54. Print.Rice, Prudence M. Middle Preclassic Interregional Interaction and the Maya Lowlands. Journal of Archaeological Research 23.1 (2015): 1–47. Print.

Review Of Songs Of My Generation - 1382 Words

Hey guys, Sophie Jeffrey here for Channel [V]. Welcome back to another segment of ‘Songs of My Generation’. This week we’ll take a look back at the totally tubular 80s. The 80s was full of many things: Rubik’s Cubes, Wrestling, Pac Man, Lip Smackers, Nintendo, skateboarding, roller skating, Horror films, the BratPack, connect four, Tupperware parties, pop rocks, Weird Al Yankovic, who’s currently making a comeback FYI†¦ and the list goes on! Horror films made their way onto the scene in the 80s with thousands flocking to movie theatres to see the latest scary flick. The 80’s are to thank for some of the popular fashion trends we still see today: RayBans, Doc Martens, bright colours and denim jackets, but while some of the fashion trends found in the 80s soared, others, like leg warmers, spandex, shoulder pads, parachute pants, mullets, perms, sweaters around the waist, big hair bows, all definitely proved that with the good always comes t he bad. This was a decade full of new and advancing technology: out with the old and in with the new! The 80s said goodbye to cassette tapes and boom boxes and hello to compact discs and Sony Walkman’s, taking the first step in redefining the music industry. Ladies and Gentlemen, Rock and Roll, these were the first words uttered on what was to become one of the most iconic and popular TV channels, MTV. It would continue to dominate for the next 33 years following its launch on August 1st 1981. MTV changed the way people viewed music and gaveShow MoreRelatedMusic in Generations Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesAll music has changed tremendously throughout the years. Each generation has several specific songs that defines that generation. Every song has different lyrics that describe the emotions that the artists are feeling. The songs connect to each individual in many different ways. Lyrics to a song is what makes music wonderful. Each song touches someone through ways li ke teaching a life lesson or touching your heart. Every generation has music that impacts the world by motivating people to do certainRead MoreThe Similarities of Writting Style in Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† and Allen Ginsberg’s â€Å"Howl†812 Words   |  3 Pageswriters wrote pieces of work that are considered a catalyst for the Beat Generation. These two courageous writers went against the norm and wrote about something different. Although they are different they both explored new topics. Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† and Allen Ginsberg’s â€Å"Howl† have similarities right from the first page. The first thing that they both have in common is the structure of their work. Both â€Å"Howl† and â€Å"Song of Myself† have long lines and they keep like that. Having these longRead MoreEssay on The Success of Bon Jovis Album Slippery When Wet912 Words   |  4 PagesYou will be hard pressed to find someone over the age of 25 that has not heard at least one song by the band out of New Jersey, Bon Jovi. The band got together in 1983 in Sayreville, New Jersey, made up of lead singer, Jon Bon Jovi, guitarist, Richie Sambora, keyboardist, David Bryan and Drummer, Tico Torres. Since the formation of the band, they have been making music for 30 years. Before 1986, Bon Jovi released two albums: Bon Jovi(1984) and 7800 Degrees Fahrenheit(1985). They were able to buildRead MoreMr. Davis, An Inspirational Jazz Musician That Paved The World Of Music877 Words   |  4 Pagescomparing it to today’s music and music tastes of my own. First I want to give you a bit of information on myself and this generation’s music. My music tastes consist of Orchestra, Drum and Bass, Hip Hop/Rap, RB, Soul, Vocaloids, and Alternative Rock. I enjoy some Jazz but I wouldn’t consider it my top style to listen to. Vocaloid music consists of computer generated voices that sing the music composed by bands in Japan. Now the music of this generation is mostly made of drums and mixers. Not manyRead MoreBumper Jacksons Concert Review On Mondavi Center1327 Words   |  6 PagesBumper Jacksons Concert Review Walking towards Mondavi center, I was amazed by how shiny and resplendent she was at night. Having got my free ticket from the ticket office, I was led by well-dressed and kind staff to the Vanderhoef Studio where the concert will start soon. Upon entering the studio, I noticed that rather than rows of seats, there were round tables, on which little candles were dimming. Purple and blue lights were shed from the ceiling. I thought this set created a vibe that was soRead More Rock n Roll 20th Century Culture Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagestransformations which resulted from World War II (Ryan 927). Despite its pop culture origins, rock music is arguably one of the strongest cultural factors to develop in this century. Artists such as Lennon, McCartney and Dylan defined the emotions of a generation and, in the last decade, it as even been acknowledged by members of the establishment which it hoped to change as a major influence in the country. In order to understand how rock went from a sign of rebellion to a cultural icon, it is necessaryRead MoreText Analysis: Bohemian Rhapsody1537 Words   |  7 Pagesvery complex and elaborately written and performed song. After a first listen, your senses and feelings are being stretched every which way. The song starts out slow with deeply emotional lyrics that signal deep emotion in the writer. Following the intro, the song seems to get even darker, and describes killing someone with a gun. As the song progresses, the tempo picks up with a guitar solo and eventually gets very chaotic. During this part of the song, there are a multitude of words used from foreignRead MoreFlower Drum Song By O. Y. Lee1468 Words   |  6 PagesCarlo Castaneda Professor Clark American Studies 23 November 2015 In Flower Drum Song Flower Drum Song was based on the 1957 novel, The Flower Drum Song, by Chinese-American author C. Y. Lee. It was the eighth stage musical by the team of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II. The piece opened in 1958 on Broadway and was subsequently made into a 1961 musical film. The team hired Gene Kelly (famous for Singin’ in the Rain) to make his debut as a stage director with the musical and scoured theRead MorePerks of My Ford and My Lincoln Touch Essay671 Words   |  3 PagesPerks of My Ford and My Lincoln Touch Are you against my ford touch and my Lincoln touch? But if you have not heard of this cool feature in ford vehicles you need to check it out. It has a lots of perks no big bulky nobs just a simple seamless touchscreen. Plus you can use your own voice and give sync a command and it will do it for you without you having to touch a thing. It’s very simple the home screen is split into four different quadrants consisting of navigation, climate, entertainment andRead MoreThe Musical Of Musical Theater1542 Words   |  7 Pagesthis type of music as current day phenomenon, it was just as popular back in the Renaissance as it is today. Much like the definition of opera, musical theater has a definition of a stage performance combining spoken dialogue, acting, dancing and songs written to fit the dialogue being recited. Musicals were a form of entertainment in the late 1600’s when opera began to take popularity in Italy and Germany and England. The use of an orchestra and cond uctor for opera to accentuate the feeling or

The Debate on Abortion free essay sample

There are laws that make abortion legal at any point of time till birth in Australia, Canada, Germany, United States and as many as 30 other countries. Remaining countries either have partial restrictions on abortion like the first or second trimesters of pregnancy or complete ban unless it’s fatal for the mother. What is abortion? Abortion can be defined as pregnancy termination accidentally as in a miscarriage or by choice. Hereby we would be weighing the pros and cons of abortion (voluntary) ; and discussing whether the availability of abortion is an important right for women to have. Abortions caused by rape, incest and possible health concerns to mother/baby constitute just 7%. Social and personal issues are the cause for rest of the abortions. Abortion Debate Facts Half the percentage of women obtaining abortions is below 25. Around 60% of abortions are performed on never married women. When a woman decides to go for an abortion, it’s not an impulsive decision, though the preceding act might be impetuous. Concluding whether to abort, keep the baby or give it up for adoption is really hard and may lead to post-abortion trauma. Abortion Cons Reasons Against Abortion The important con that should be considered is can we choose to kill unwanted pregnancies? One shouldn’t be so irresponsible to land up in a situation where they have to be unmerciful to the unborn. Most of unplanned pregnancies if extended to childbirth may prove to be wanted later. A growing embryo is considered human with the heartbeats initiating as early as 21st day of conception. So what if we cannot see the human form, it does have the potential to gain one. Choosing adoption as an alternative to abortion would give the baby its right to life. Should people opt for abortion as last-minute contraception when preaching their kids about the consequences of casual sex? Infection, sepsis, recurrent miscarriages and rarely death could be the complications of abortions. Abortions can cause serious psychological impairment to the woman in the form of depression and guilt. Good Reasons for Abortion Abortion Pros Though women have a hard time choosing abortion as an option for unwanted pregnancies, they have been making that choice since a long time. Ultimately she is the one who would be going through the actual Labor of continuing pregnancy, delivering a baby, bringing it up, parenting it well, in addition to other obligations she has to do in her daily life. To get it done with little or no help from the partner and families needs a well-balanced body and mind. There is nothing called pro-choice and pro life. Both ideologies meet at one common point i. e. Pro-Life Life of the baby and Life of the mother. Life of the baby ultimately depends on mother’s health and its best to allow the mother to choose for her when she wants a baby. While we argue about the mental well being of a woman, how do others get to decide what would be more traumatic to the woman, abortion or childbirth and the unending list of duties waiting to be accomplished. An attempt to restrict the abortions would rise not only the percentage of illegal and unsafe abortions but also the expenses of the procedure. A new law would be needed to tackle the illegal abortions and further legal hassles would have no ends. Legalize or not, abortions would always be a part of society. Deciding factor whether to abort or not would be different for different people. To one abortion can be traumatic, to the other forced childbirth can be equally traumatic. It’s impossible to decide a particular set of rules for all. It all depends on multifaceted approach of each person, her psychological strength, supportive circumstances in helping her decide and help her being convinced about her decisions. ?Pro-Life 1. Since life begins at conception, abortion is akin to murder as it is the act of taking human life. Abortion is in direct defiance of the commonly accepted idea of the sanctity of human life 2. No civilized society permits one human to intentionally harm or take the life of another human without punishment, and abortion is no different. 3. Adoption is a viable alternative to abortion and accomplishes the same result. And with 1. 5 million American families wanting to adopt a child, there is no such thing as an unwanted child. 4. An abortion can result in medical complications later in life; the risk of ectopic pregnancies doubles, and the chance of a miscarriage and pelvic inflammatory disease also increases. 5. In the instance of rape and incest, proper medical care can ensure that a woman will not get pregnant. Abortion punishes the unborn child who committed no crime; instead, it is the perpetrator who should be punished. 6. Abortion should not be used as another form of contraception. 7. For women who demand complete control of their body, control should include preventing the risk of unwanted pregnancy through the responsible use of contraception or, if that is not possible, through abstinence. 8. Many Americans who pay taxes are opposed to abortion, therefore its morally wrong to use tax dollars to fund abortion. . Those who choose abortions are often minors or young women with insufficient life experience to understand fully what they are doing. Many have lifelong regrets afterwards. 10. Abortion frequently causes intense psychological pain and stress. Pro-Choice 1. Nearly all abortions take place in the first trimester, when a fetus cannot exist independent of the mother. As it is at tached by the placenta and umbilical cord, its health is dependent on her health, and cannot be regarded as a separate entity as it cannot exist outside her womb. 2. The concept of personhood is different from the concept of human life. Human life occurs at conception, but fertilized eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives and those not implanted are routinely thrown away. Is this murder, and if not, then how is abortion murder? 3. Adoption is not an alternative to abortion, because it remains the womans choice whether or not to give her child up for adoption. Statistics show that very few women who give birth choose to give up their babies less than 3% of white unmarried women and less than 2% of black unmarried women. 4. Abortion is a safe medical procedure. The vast majority of women 88% who have an abortion do so in their first trimester. Medical abortions have less than 0. 5% risk of serious complications and do not affect a womans health or future ability to become pregnant or give birth. 5. In the case of rape or incest, forcing a woman made pregnant by this violent act would cause further psychological harm to the victim. Often a woman is too afraid to speak up or is unaware she is pregnant, thus the morning after pill is ineffective in these situations. 6. Abortion is not used as a form of contraception. Pregnancy can occur even with responsible contraceptive use. Only 8% of women who have abortions do not use any form of birth control, and that is due more to individual carelessness than to the availability of abortion. 7. The ability of a woman to have control of her body is critical to civil rights. Take away her reproductive choice and you step onto a slippery slope. If the government can force a woman to continue a pregnancy, what about forcing a woman to use contraception or undergo sterilization? 8. Taxpayer dollars are used to enable poor women to access the same medical services as rich women, and abortion is one of these services. Funding abortion is no different from funding a war in the Mideast. For those who are opposed, the place to express outrage is in the voting booth. 9. Teenagers who become mothers have grim prospects for the future. They are much more likely to leave of school; receive inadequate prenatal care; rely on public assistance to raise a child; develop health problems; or end up divorced. 10. Like any other difficult situation, abortion creates stress. Yet the American Psychological Association found that stress was greatest prior to an abortion, and that there was no evidence of post-abortion syndrome. Facing an unplanned pregnancy can be very difficult and scary for a teenager, and deciding what to do will be even harder. No matter what her political persuasion, it always comes down to a very intimate, personal decision that no teenager makes without some degree of emotional trauma. All of the options: abortion, or raising the baby, or allowing another individual to adopt the baby carry emotional pain and personal sacrifice. Statistics In the U. S. , teen abortion accounts for 19% of all procedures of this nature. The average age of those receiving abortions is dropping from 19 to 17. Over 50% of abortions performed annually are on women under the age of 25 with the ages of 18 and 19 accounting for the highest number performed. There are currently twenty-one states that require parental permission for a teen abortion and eighteen states that do not. There are also fourteen states that require a parental notification before performance of an abortion on a minor. The notification law requires that parents be notified, but permission of a parent is not necessary to go ahead with the procedure. At this time in the United States abortions are legal. Teen abortion facts reveal that though the teen pregnancy rate has declined in the United States over the last ten years, the percentages have actually increased. Teens are at higher risk for post-abortion infections such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and endometritis (inflammation of the uterus), which may be caused either by the spread of an undiagnosed sexually transmitted disease into the uterus during the abortion, or by micro-organisms on the surgical instruments which are inserted into the uterus. Teens who abort are 2 to 4 times more likely to commit suicide than adults who abort, and a history of abortion is likely to be associated with adolescent suicidal thinking. Teens who abort are more likely to develop psychological problems, and are nearly three times more likely to be admitted to mental health hospitals than teens in general. Teens risk further injury or death because they are unlikely to inform parents of any physical complications. The most common reasons a teenager chooses abortion are:  · Cannot afford a baby Doesnt want anyone to know she has had sex or is pregnant  · Doesnt want to be a single parent  · Her partner or parent wants her to have an abortion  · Not ready to become a parent  · She is too immature to have a child  · She was a survivor of rape or incest  · She or the fetus has a health problem Medical Reasons For Partial-Birth Abortions- Medical conditions and indications may develop after the first trimester (12 weeks) of pregnancy that could threaten the mothers life and/or health. Late-occurring medical conditions can include:  · Heart failure  · Severe or uncontrollable diabetes Serious renal disease  · Uncontrollable hypertension (high blood pressure)  · Severe depression Some of the consequences of compulsory pregnancy or forced motherhood (i. e. , unwanted children) are as follows. The child:  · has more emotional handicaps  · does less well scholastically; is a low achiever  · is twice as likely to have record of juvenile delinquency  · is 4x as likely to have adult criminal record  · is more likely to abuse alcohol and drugs  · is 6x more likely to receive welfare between 16-21  · has poorer relationships with parents  · is at a higher risk to be abused or neglected by parents Some of the disadvantages of going through with an abortion are:  · creates feelings of regret and grief  · does not give the child that is in the womb a chance at life, thus it is looked down upon by many religions  · having an abortion always lessens your chances for having children later in life  · teens who have participated in abortion repeatedly report feeling deceived by those selling abortions and become preoccupied with concern for Gods judgment and punishment  · the would-be-mother will always wonder what if and may feel some level of guilt for the rest of her life about the child she could have had Adoption vs. Abortion With adoption:  · You usually feel positive about your choice  · You can have continued contact with your baby  · You will have plenty of time to plan you and your babys future  · You will remember giving birth  · Your pregnancy ends with giving life With Abortion:  · Abortion is final; you cant go back on your decision  · You may feel guilt and shame about your choice  · You will miss the opportunity to see your child develop  · You will remember taking a life  · Your pregnancy ends with death Teens are more likely to make a snap judgment and try to cover up their pregnancy from their parents by having an abortion. Teens are also more likely to report having wanted to keep the baby, higher levels of feeling misinformed in pre-abortion counseling, less satisfaction with abortion services and greater post-abortion stress. Teens were also more likely to use immature coping strategies such as projection of their problems on to others, denial, or acting out, than older women, strategies researchers speculate might become permanent. Despite the fact that supporters without parental consent continually leave the spiritual devastation component out of the discussions, teen abortion facts tell us that teens who have participated in abortion repeatedly feel deceived by those selling abortions and become preoccupied with concern for Gods judgment and punishment. Teen abortion is an especially difficult thing to deal with, especially when having to possibly confront your parents and hoping that your partner will be supportive. Teens are encouraged to involve parents in their decision to have an abortion, and most do have a parent involved. In most of these states, if she cant talk with her parents or chooses not to she can appear before a judge. The judge will consider whether shes mature enough to decide on her own. If not, the judge will decide whether an abortion is in the teens best interests. In any case, if there are complications during the procedure, parents of minors may be notified. Before a teenager makes decisions in haste, or as an attempt to undo a wrong, teens and parents on both sides of the parental consent debate should get the teen abortion facts and found out as much about abortion and post-abortion procedure complications. If you are a pregnant teen, keeping your perspective at this time is critical. The most important thing to remember is that you do have a choice. There are three main paths: parenting, abortion or adoption. Abortion is the process in which the developing child is removed from a mothers womb. Keeping all situations and instances in mind, abortion was and still stays, an act of violence against the unborn child as well as the woman about to have a baby, apart from being a moral crime in itself. Abortion is a highly controversial and debatable subject. Here are some points supporting the anti-abortion arguments. There are various moral as well as logical, everyday arguments against abortion. Life and death are closely related, and so are the arguments to it. One of the fundamental and basic arguments supporting anti-abortion is the argument so put forward against capital punishment what right do humans have to curtail the life of something that providence has created? Abortion, was considered as a sin in many religions till some years ago. Another argument that supports the anti-abortion drive is the same argument that was supporting the large families of four to five siblings in the time gone by children are a gift of god, and the parents are just the people who take care of them, Gods gift. Another moral argument put across as a reason against abortion is yet again a phrase instilled into humankind since time incarnate If providence has given, it shall arrange for it too. Simply put, this means that a child has been brought on earth, he or she should be given a full chance to live a life, as God must have planned something for them. While the above arguments may not find favor amongst the modern generation or even the atheists, who consider life forming as a simple scientific process, here are some various psychological, medical and human-emotions related facts against abortion. While it cannot be said whether an abortion is an unforgivable event, it is of course an unforgettable event. An abortion plays havoc with the psychology and the future life of the entire family. The woman who has lost her child, at any time between the pregnancy, will never be the same. While the woman may be the hardest hit by an abortion, one also has to think about the mental and emotional state of the entire family. While physically only the woman undergoes an abortion, mentally and emotionally it is the entire family who loses a part of their mind and body forever. Anesthesia is available only for the physical structure of the human body, not for the emotional and mental state of a person. Abortion also emanates into various medical complications in the woman which can be considered as the cons of abortion. Some of the general complications arising in women due to abortions are: Blocked fallopian tubes Weakened cervix uterine scarring damage to the womans reproductive system which may make her unable to conceive in the future Apart from these common problems, women may also: ace the increase in the probability of an increase in tubal babies hysterectomies miscarriages stillbirths premature births Abortion is also related to the increase of chances of breast, uterine and cervical cancer in women. Apart from the other facts about abortion, it is a fact that almost ninety percent of the abortions taking place in the United States of America are illegal. These illegal abortionists work on almost an assembly line basis, and not every product they de liver is top-of-the-rack. Illegal abortions greatly increases the health risk to the mother, apart from the above described situations. Illegal abortions may not be hundred percent hygienic and may create a leeway for hundreds of types of infections and other medical malpractice situations for the mother. Overall, there are a lot of arguments against abortion, that proves it is not only a moral sin, but can also create great problems to the woman and the family. The cons of abortion are great and uncountable and women and families should think twice, thrice, forever before affirming to an abortion.

James Morrison Essays - The Rifle, Rifle, , Term Papers

James Morrison In 1768, west of Philadelphia there was a man named Cornish McManus. He was in a gunsmith business. He was thirty-five years old and had been an apprentice and then an assistant to a master gunsmith, his name was John Waynewright. Cornish was a good artist. While the time working for John Waynewright Cornish never got to do anything special to the rifles. Later on Cornish opened his own business. He was doing well. One day a customer came in with his daughter. It was love at first sight. They eventually got married. She was pregnant with a baby. That meant he had to work harder to support them. One day Cornish saw this peace of wood in his pile. As soon as he saw it he thought of making a sweet rifle. A sweet rifle is a rifle that looks so artistic and shoots so accurate. He spent months and months on it. He would stay up all night in the candle light just to do it. That is part of the reasons it took him so long. Finally he was done. He went outside and shot at a log three times. He went down and checked the log. There was only one hole in the log. He thought to himself, that is impossible. He checked it again and there was three bullets in one hole. He was getting low on money and supplies. So he was forced to sell the rifle. He sold it to a guy named John Byam. Byam set off into the woods. He met up with British soldiers. They were just going to hang a man when Byam shot one of the soldiers. When the horse the man was sitting on heard the shot and ran out from underneath the man. The man died. The soldiers shot at him. One of them hit his horse. So he grabbed the sattle and got on his carrying horse. They went about a mile and came to a ravine. Cornish's horse made it cause it was so strong. The britishes horse's all fell and broke there legs. Cornish met up with these green coated men. they surrounded him. They were good guys. They were called McNary's Rangers. They asked him if he wanted to join them. Byam decided he would join there group, so he fought for them for a couple of years. In one of the battles he grew sick, then he eventually died. This women bought the rifle for her two sons that were in the war. As it turned out, the next thing she heard was that her sons both died in the war. she put in her attack. About two-hundred years later a man found it. He worked at a gas station. One day a man pulled up and saw it. The man ended up a collector of guns. He traded an Elvis picture for the Rifle. The man put the rifle on his wall. At Christmas time a kid next door was putting up things on the tree. There was a candle next to the rifle on the wall. Nobody throught after all those years to checked if the rifle was loaded, it was. The candle hit the dried up gun powder and made the rifle shoot. It went through the window of the house and through the window of the house the boy was in. It went right for his head. It hit him in the head. Before he hit the ground he was dead. The boy's mom killed herself because she was so depressed. His dad through the rifle over a bridge. A guy saw him and snagged it with a fishing rod. The dad later died in a car accident. Cornish McManus was a artistic person, who was a gunsmith. He was a very thoughtful person. He gave up his best creation for his wife and kid. John Waynewright was a average person, who was making rifles just for the money. He didn't want to experiment at all. John Byam was a wonderer, who liked to travel. He was a really good shot. He fought in the war. I think this story is about how people are all different. It tells a story of a rifle that went two-hundred years. It is sad at the end. I never thought that a innocent little boy would die. The story shows how important and dangerous guns are. The conclusion is that if you have a gun someone or something

Free Essays on The Juice In Sports

The Juice in Sports There has been a controversy for many years in sports. Athletes have always wanted to get that little extra boost in energy. They want to become a bigger and much stronger person. The logical thing would be to go to the gym, and work out like everybody else does. Some athletes think that they can get away with doing other things, such as energy booster, muscle gainers, and other drinks that boost energy. For many years athletes have been taking illegal drugs and been getting away with too. Now there have been investigations for all the illegal drugs. Athletes have been becoming more uptight with this situation. The media has been playing a big part in all of the fiasco. They want to interview and ask all of these questions to the big name players about illegal drugs, and steroids. Of course, all of the players are going to deny that they have been taking them. So the media will keep hounding them, and stucking them until they come out and say that they did take steroids. Everybody k now that an athlete will not tell the world that he or she has been taking steroids, or illegal drugs. If they did, it would send a message to all of the athlete’s fans saying that it is okay to take illegal drug because I am taking them. When everybody knows that all of those types of drugs are bad for your body, and your mind. It is unhealthy, and defiantly not a safe thing to do. That’s why all of these types of substances are banded from all types of sports. People want athletes to do what they do at a normal, and level playing field. There are some people out there that think steroids are not bad for you. Most of them want to prove that all of these types of drugs are bad, and should not be used in any level of sports. There has been controversy over the year’s weather or not athletes have been using steroids. This year it has finally reached a peak. In Major League Baseball, the players union went to the Supreme Court in... Free Essays on The Juice In Sports Free Essays on The Juice In Sports The Juice in Sports There has been a controversy for many years in sports. Athletes have always wanted to get that little extra boost in energy. They want to become a bigger and much stronger person. The logical thing would be to go to the gym, and work out like everybody else does. Some athletes think that they can get away with doing other things, such as energy booster, muscle gainers, and other drinks that boost energy. For many years athletes have been taking illegal drugs and been getting away with too. Now there have been investigations for all the illegal drugs. Athletes have been becoming more uptight with this situation. The media has been playing a big part in all of the fiasco. They want to interview and ask all of these questions to the big name players about illegal drugs, and steroids. Of course, all of the players are going to deny that they have been taking them. So the media will keep hounding them, and stucking them until they come out and say that they did take steroids. Everybody k now that an athlete will not tell the world that he or she has been taking steroids, or illegal drugs. If they did, it would send a message to all of the athlete’s fans saying that it is okay to take illegal drug because I am taking them. When everybody knows that all of those types of drugs are bad for your body, and your mind. It is unhealthy, and defiantly not a safe thing to do. That’s why all of these types of substances are banded from all types of sports. People want athletes to do what they do at a normal, and level playing field. There are some people out there that think steroids are not bad for you. Most of them want to prove that all of these types of drugs are bad, and should not be used in any level of sports. There has been controversy over the year’s weather or not athletes have been using steroids. This year it has finally reached a peak. In Major League Baseball, the players union went to the Supreme Court in...

Character Analysis Essays

Character Analysis Essays Character Analysis Essay Character Analysis Essay Essay Topic: The Book Of the City Of Ladies Character Analysis Introduction Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake is a publication that majorly deals with the idea of genetics and its role in human existence. The setting is in apocalyptic world where the first surviving human life is introduced to the reader and is commonly referred to as the Snowman. Atwood heavily uses a recursive storyline that oscillates between the annihilated lifestyle caused by genetic miscalculations and therefore the destruction and the former world that is now a historical thought embedded on Snowman’s memory. The Snowman is the narrator and protagonist in the publication. Thereby through his flashbacks on the civil world that he existed as a human known as Jimmy, the other characters are developed (Atwood, 2003). We learn that the biological disaster has been caused by Crake, Jimmy’s best ally, and their involvement with the mystifying female, Oryx, which adds an intricate detail in the plot. Jimmy’s father is treated as a minor character in the novel and hi s role may be treated as a trivial element as he only appears in minimal cites in the first chapters only to disappear like the rest of civilization without a trace. Nevertheless, after careful analysis, we realize that the Jimmy’s father is very significant to the novel’s foundation, as he acts as the reconciliatory factor for the whole story. Analysis Jimmy’s dad is introduced in the novel in the second chapter (Atwood, 2003). He is an employee of the OrganInc Farms holding the position of a genographer, meaning a hereditary engineer. His wife is also an employee within the same firm and they only have a single child, Jimmy. Jimmy’s father is proud to be associated with his workplace majorly as a secure place from the unfortunate human populace dwelling outside the fortified company. The society at the given time is brought out as undergoing cataclysmic effects of industrialization that effectually has created radiation gaps within the earth’s protective atmosphere that has numerous harmful effects on life. The heat waves have caused polar melts increasing the levels of oceanic catchments and this has led to numerous floods within the globe. Inversely, other regions experience the enhancement of wastelands and famines due to reduced rainfall caused by weather changes. The life outside the genetic station consi sts of an impoverished lifestyle marked by high levels of crime, maladies, and urban spillage. Contrastingly, the scientific settlement is a fortified city consisting of wealthy individuals that have consistent refuge as evidenced by the CorpSeCorps who operate the facility. This contrast accords a basis for the social theme concerning the gap distinctly marking the affluent from the poor in the society. The theme is tied down to biotechnology through the scientific community and it is therefore thought of as a possible economic and social consequence of genetics (Bloom 101). Just like the settlement fortification acts as the safety measure against the ailing society and its issues, the father’s position as a genographer acts as the safeguard for Jimmy’s life and existence up to the destruction period. It is quite evident that the safe compound was off limits for individuals other than the scientists. Had Jimmy and his family dwelt in the ailing world, then the highest probability would be that they would have died just like the rest. Therefore, Jimmy’s fa ther plays a significant role in the preservation of Jimmy’s life through his career positioning. This is very pertinent to the story since without Jimmy, there would be no narrator and ultimately no story to tell. The critical element of Jimmy’s father and role in human continuity, specifically to Jimmy, is clearly brought out by the contrast infused by Jimmy’s mother, who was also an acclaimed genetic scientist. With the same career as her husband, Jimmy’s mother would have clearly acquired her pass into the facility and offered protection for the son. However, this would have been on a temporal basis since as the novel progresses in chapter five, Jimmy’s mother deserts her family and escapes from the scientific premises (Atwood, 2003). Jimmy has to spend the rest of his life being grilled by the CorpSeCorps for his mother’s location who also acted to ensure that the corporation’s secrets are well protected from foreign individuals. In chapter eight, Jimmy’s mother resurfaces in a remonstration geared towards the scientific organization that she initially worked for due to the genetic production of coffee. Later in chapter ten, Jimmy discovers of his mother’s demise though an assassination (Atwood, 2003). Had Jimmy been under his mother’s care, his secured future would have ended with his mother’s defection from work and he would have been killed like the rest. Other than his love for science, Jimmy’s father is characterized out as an intelligent man. He is involved with the initial genetic production that is very relevant to the novel as it acts as the breakthrough to the cloning framework used by Crake in his production. Jimmy’s father is involved in the creation of the pigoon, a creature that fuses pigs and baboons. Jimmy’s pet is a rakunk created from the fissure of a raccoon and a skunk. Jimmy is introduced to the world of genetics at an early age and this makes him comfortable with relating bit. No wonder he is able to relate effortlessly to the genetically modified creatures throughout the novel. As Jimmy’s mom flees from the settlement, she leaves with the rakunk and this hurts young Jimmy (Howells 108). The action is a depiction of the strife and differences that have existed between Jimmy’s parents. Jimmy’s father wants him to assume a scientific role by the fact that he nurtures him withi n the scientific facility while his mother prefers a separate field. By taking the rakunk, fleeing the facility and distancing herself from genetics, Jimmy’s mother silently communicates to the son her disapproval for the career. Jimmy’s fascination from the genetic creations he acquired from the father’s projects force him to stick within the premises and meet Crake. As Jimmy’s father and the other team of scientists further their research, they also create wolvogs that are similar to dogs yet possessing a wolf’s veracity. This lays a foundation for Crake’s creation of the Crakers in genetic modification. Jimmy would never have met Crake was it not for the father and Crake would never have had his creations if it were not for the earlier tested creations. Recall that, Crake’s father is killed for the preservation of the corporation’s secrets. The author uses this fact and scenes to discuss the ethical implications of genetics. Genetic research is usually conducted in covert settings and secrets are protected under any means possible. The reader therefore has to decide whether life loss is worth in such careers. Jimmy detests his father for his carefree nature and busy schedule. He has never recalled his birthdays and often had to acquire his son’s forgiveness by getting him gifts a day later. The young bo y has to grow up devoid of his father’s attention and direction (Thomas 74). The reason for his dad’s busy schedule is the genetic modifications under creation. This action has been a constant point of quarrels between the parents as the mother feels that she also lacks the necessary attention from her husband. Jimmy’s father love for science supersedes his family and literary acts as his intrinsic impetus towards living. This proves to be a strongpoint in the unexpected divorce that splits the family. Jimmy’s father is overwhelmed by the situation and his decision acts as a critical point in the novel. Had his love for the wife taunted him to leave the scientific field as she did, Jimmy’s future would have been significantly altered, as he would have little probability of meeting Crake. The Crakers project would also be negatively impacted by the decision. His love for the job offers the consolation needed to see him though the heartbreak. Jimmy’s father meets Ramona working within the same facility and their budding relationship substitutes the missing one. The plot is held intact by this decision and saved from the possible change that would occur had the opposite decision transpired. The other notable characterization of Jimmy’s father is his ravenous appetite for money as discussed in chapter four (Atwood, 2003). The reader is evidenced of this nature as young Jimmy sets out spying ventures on his parents in a bid to uncover the reasons behind their estranged relationship. The revelation comes through one of the intense arguments where Jimmy’s mother indicts the husband of his love for genetics and money. This greed is emphasized in Jimmy’s schooling; although the father desired for Jimmy to be a scientist, he simply lets him attend the Martha Graham Academy for an education humanity courses (Balachand 107). The school is also noted to be inexpensive. With the accrued resources acquired from the affluent career, Jimmy’s father would easily have transferred him to a superior school where he would have pursued a career in the science field. The commercialization theme is brought out in this section as Jimmy’s father opts to acquire financial power at the expense of the son’s dreams. His reluctance stemming from material greed aids in plot and thematic development. With Jimmy studying humanitarian courses, he is able to infuse contrast elements in the book by providing an argument against genetic manipulation. Crane is representative of individuals that accept and practice genetic engineering in life alteration while Jimmy lies in the opposing side. Having rel ated with genetics in the science facility as well as acquiring information from the other side (humanitarian sciences), Jimmy realizes the danger posed by the dystopia that genetic engineering offers to the world. This is demonstrated by his desire to leave the scientific setting just like his mother with the accompaniment of Oryx. However, the timing is late and the world is annihilated because of this. Conclusion It is quite evident from the above discussion that Jimmy’s father may be termed as a minor character, yet one whom the publication cannot do without due to his level of significance in the book. Stemming from his career, everything else mentioned in the book seems to be connected to him. Therefore, his characterization is very essential in content and theme development. : Atwood, Margaret. Oryx and Crake: a novel. New York, NY: Random House Large Print, 2003. Print. Balachand, K. Canadian literature: an overview. New Delhi: Sarup Sons, 2007. Print. Bloom, Harold. Margaret Atwood. Saint-Hubert: Infobase Publishing, 2009. Print. Howells, Coral. The Cambridge companion to Margaret Atwood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Print. Thomas, Paul. Reading, learning, teaching Margaret Atwood. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2007. Print.

Strategic planning challenges in community health sectors, and ways to Research Paper

Strategic planning challenges in community health sectors, and ways to use strategic planning to address these challenges - Research Paper Example The budget is to be followed strictly to ensure financial discipline and ultimate success (Vinten, 2005). In strategic planning, the employment of strategy and the allocation of resources appropriately will lead to eventual success. In fact, budgeting can be a part of the allocation of resources in strategic planning. Community health sector is on such are that requires a well-designed strategic plan. A community health sector is an inextricably linked web of individuals and institutions that provide health services to the community. The members of this sector include service providers, non-governmental agencies, the health workers hospitals and the government. Since all these stakeholders operate within the community, members of that community cannot be left out. The concept of community health sector, therefore, can be understood as a replica of the national or statewide health sector but implemented with the context if a community. It involves all the stakeholders like in the national government but at a smaller scale (Stahl, 2004).). The complex interplay between the non-governmental organization, the pharmaceutical companies, drug suppliers hospitals and the community is the central focus of the community health sector. This paper discuses the development of the strategic plan for the community health sector through the commonly known strategy tools. It reviews the benefits of strategic planning within the context of health care and in other settings and draws a conclusion on the best way forward in managing health care within the community. The concept of strategic planning can trace its way to many contributors in the recent past. For instance, Michael Porter introduced the concept of five forces analysis in strategic business planning. In this view, there are five forces affecting any organization and can deter it from providing quality service to its clients. The same author also

The concept of freedom in Yoga philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The concept of freedom in Yoga philosophy - Essay Example It describes how one can remove pain and suffering from their minds and body. It describes the different concepts that form part of our world. This philosophy states that when one feels deep pain in their body, they want to destroy their body and mind (Sinha, 2012). This becomes a problem because we do not have the knowledge on how to destroy our body or mind. The philosopher states that â€Å"life means integration of the body; mind and consciousness, whereby some are unwanted while others are desired† (Buley, 2006). We can see that this philosophy combines consciousness and the body matter. This is shown in the two independent variables namely, the Purusha and the Prakriti. The philosopher concludes by saying that real freedom is obtaining freedom from the three types of pain and suffering the physical, emotional and spiritual (Michaels, 2004). Therefore the philosopher identifies with our experience of pain, fear, anger and any other emotional or physical pain. The philosophy then gives us a means by which we can remove or deal with this pain accordingly. The process by which one removes pain is called the doctrine of cause and effect. It states that â€Å"there is a time and process by which undesirable, painful elements get into our bodies and consciousness and there is a means by which we can reverse it. Every effect has its cause and it is possible to remove the cause, thus removing the effect† (Sinha, 2012). This is true, but us as Human beings, are we able to clearly know what is causing us pain? It is not true that we can effectively identify the causes of our problems. The philosopher was not wrong in saying that we can find the cause and effect of pain, although it is still true that many people have been unable to find the root cause of their pain and suffering. In conclusion we can see that the proponent was able to combine consciousness and the body. Research studies have found that the mind can control what

Third World and Children Essay Example for Free

Third World and Children Essay Children are humans. With this sentence I want to start my assignment, because after having read the paper you will find a deeper meaning in these words. There are many kinds of institutions who work under the umbrella of the United Nations and fight for the right of human. One of these types of institutions is the United Nations International Children Emergency Fund, shortened UNICEF. I chose to write about the UNICEF, because I would like to give my point of view about this organization. UNICEF is an important organization for the international cooperation between different countries. I think if there werent such an organization, children had to suffer even more. There are a lot of children who get help from UNICEF, but yet there are millions who are still suffering. It is of essential importance that there are such organizations who help the children in difficulties and suffer, especially now in the third world countries. UNICEF offers help for children with difficult circumstances. In all parts of the world, for example: Kosovo, Zambia, Colombia and Vietnam. UNICEF works in 189 countries and is one of the biggest UN-organizations. They give people food, safety, water, help in illness and education. I admire the work UNICEF is doing, especially for the children who have to suffer. History of the United Nations and UNICEF December 11th 1946. The World War II has just been ended and many cities and villages have been destroyed through bombings. On the farms not much was grown and most of the factories didnt produce, because there was a lot of damage caused by the war. Also the stores were not open so there was not much food. Especially the children had to suffer of all this chaos. The United Nations was formed shortly after the war to try and create peace. Countries who joined this organization sent their delegations to the Headquarters of UN. They came together to find a way for solutions for different kind of problems. The delegations worried that Europe may not recover of all the damages caused by the war if there could not be done anything about the situation of the children. In this year the delegations decided to set up a fund to help the children in Europe who had suffered from the World War II. This fund was called the UNRRA (United Nations Rehabilitation and Relief Administration). Later the General Assembly changed the name in UNICEF. The first delegations of the UNICEF started their work by providing blankets, milk and food. Also health care of the children was an important priority for them. Providing milk to the babies was necessary, because the factories in Europe were all closed. Milk became scarce and precious. The delegations took the responsibility to help as much as they could to prevent the hunger those days. UNICEF worked together with the local authorities, help organizations and farmers to increase the milk production again. UNICEF strove that, when they left an area or country, the local population was able to hold on the milk production. In the year 1953 UNICEF operated worldwide and became an organization of development cooperation which was directed on helping mother and child. In the sixties the help of UNICEF became more structured and emphasized the family, local community and the society as a whole. Moreover education received more attention. In the year 1989 the Conventions on the rights of the Child got accepted by almost all the UN-member countries. Only two countries (Somalia and the USA) didnt sign the treaty. All rights of the child were mentioned in this treaty. These rights refer to all the children of the world, boys girls, black white, poor rich. You can think of the right of growing up in a  family, right on protection against child labour and right to having a safe and healthy life. These kinds of rights in the treaty are the basic foundation for UNICEF. Article 45 of the treaty says that the organizations of the United Nations, like UNICEF itself, can advise governments so that there can be an administration where the child gets the first priority. 1990 is the year when the World top for Children was held. The result of this event is an action plan for the children worldwide. In 2002 again such an event took place to see if the participated countries had reached their goals concerning the children. The result is negative. So the 189 countries who joined the World top for Children, accepted a new action plan including more than 20 goals for the next ten years. Conventions on the rights of the Child The main target of UNICEF is to see that all children get the care and the education that they need for having a good childhood. I still think that this target hasnt been obtained completely, because not all countries stick to the rules which have been described in the United Convention of the Rights of the Child. As I said earlier, almost every UN-member country signed the treaty which refers to rights of children from all nationalities. The seven most important rights of the child, which have been supported by the UNICEF have not been observed yet by all 189 countries. I will give my opinion on each of these rights. 1. The right of equality Equality means every child deserves an equal treatment. But still I see a huge gap between the children who grow up in Asia/Africa and children in Europe/America. UNICEF strives that one day the gap will not be so big between these countries. I think that UNICEF has already done a good job by supporting this right and make work of it. I also believe that every child  has the right to plan his or her life in their own way to make it interesting and active. A child deserves the same rights as his or her peer, no matter where they live. If we enjoy a good life here in Europe, I think that the people in a poorer country deserve the same. Sometimes I feel I am lucky that I enjoyed my childhood with children from the same age. It is a sad fact that in a lot of countries children still can not enjoy this treatment of being equal to the ones in a rich country. I hope to see difference in this situation. UNICEF is encouraging authorities all over the world to observe this right. 2. The right on special protection UNICEF not only provides children with physical and mental protection but also with social development. For example, iodine is a chemical nutrient, which every human being needs for his health. When a pregnant woman in Africa with a lack of iodine gives birth to a child, then there is a big chance that the baby will be handicapped. I consider this matter as a huge problem, as this influences the future of a lot of children. This right can give a special protection to these kind of children. UNICEF helps a lot of countries in Africa by providing salt added with iodine to prevent more handicapped newborns. This will give the children the opportunity to live a life in a proper way. It is a step towards a future with perhaps a job and an enjoyable life. In all parts of the world, you will find millions of street-children, working children, war children and orphan children. These children need extra protection. UNICEF tries to get them out of the miserable life situation. Street children can go to a house where they can eat, drink, sleep and go to school. 3. The right to have a name and nationality When a child is born, then he/she should have an identity through a name and nationality. This right guarantees him to grow up in freedom and to develop  into an adult. But yet there are children who may not know the name of their parents or even whether their parents are alive or dead. This right, which the UNICEF also supports, gives every child the opportunity to have an identity. I see this right not as an important one, because I cannot place myself in this kind of situation. For children who dont carry the name of their father or mother, this right is a must. Anyway, I think that every child deserves this right. This right helps the children to be treated equally. 4. Right to have food, home and medical care Having a home, food and medical care for both mother and child is a way to decrease the death rate among children. Malnourishment is a result of lack of proper food. I think this is a reason why so many children have to suffer. I even feel guilty at times when I think about the children who cannot even have one proper meal in a day, meanwhile I am having food which I like to eat. For example, a child in Sri Lanka has to work from morning till night to earn the money to stay alive. What if the child gets ill? Then he will not earn anything and will get weaker. He has no money for a normal medical care and no money for food. He has no other choice but to work while he is ill. I cannot imagine myself being so poor and hungry. Here, when I get a flu I refuse to go to college or work. And still I have food, home and medical care. It is sad that the child in Sri Lanka doesnt have the same choice like I do. UNICEF tries to change this situation. It supports projects which help countries by providing all kind of services, like giving food or a shelter to the orphans. 5. Right to have special care When a child is psychically or mentally disabled, it should get special care. This right is not only meant for those who have the money for the special care, but also for those who cannot afford this. I think you can have the right of equality when you also keep this right in honour. If a child in a third world country has to suffer from a disability, it is not his fault. So I would say that the right to have special care is an option for them as  well. 6. Right to be loved and understood This right is very important according to me. A child also needs the attention from his or her parents and environment to live a good life. Children in the third world countries are not able to enjoy this right, because there is no time and the possibility for it. Some of them do not even have parents to receive love from. I think a child is very sensitive and does not know what is happening in the world. If there is nobody for the child to protect him or her of all the cruelty in the world, he or she will lose the youth. A child will not be able to enjoy his time and will grow up two times faster than someone of his/her age in the west. That is not acceptable. Everyone should have the right to be loved and understood, especially those who live in the third world countries. 7. Right to have free education In the developing countries a lot of children cannot go to school. I think this is the most important right for a child. This right guarantees you a future. It is not fair for those who cannot pay school fees. Education must be a number one priority. Children are our future. How can we hope for a good future if the children cannot go to school. I am glad that the right of free education gives the children in the developing countries the right to grow up and to have a job. This way they can also be able to choose to become someone they want to be. In countries like Pakistan, children have to work at a very young age to earn the money for their parents as an extra income. UNICEF has set up a project where the child has to go to school for three hours after doing his/her job. I think this as a positive solution, because you cannot forbid a child who has to work hard to survive, unless someone with lot of money is supporting the child, which happens seldom. I respect UNICEFs work, because even if they cannot stop children from working, they help the children to enjoy the right to go to school for a minimum of three hours a day. Future of UNICEF UNICEF has existed for over 50 years and achieved a lot. The goals they are planning to achieve in 10 years will be successful if they keep up the work like they are doing now. Even I would like to see a change in the life of those children who cannot enjoy their childhood. I dont think that I as an individual can help the millions in need, even though I want to. I just gave my opinion on every right a child deserves. If the authorities will work more actively to fight for the right of the children, the future can be changed in a positive way. I hope that there are many people who appreciate and support UNICEF. I know for sure that in the future I will donate money to this organization. I would also like to see that UNICEF will be there in the future as well. There is still a lot of work to be done to change the future of the children all around the world. As I said earlier that children are human too. And every human being should know his/her own right in this world. I do not think that a childs life here in a western country has more value than to a child in a third world country. To prevent this thought, I am glad to see that there are rights to treat every child in the same way. Unfortunately, the reality is that a child in a third world country is be treated as an adult. He or she has to work from a very young age. This is a strong reason why I want to see UNICEFs work in the future. Bibliography Literature Verhellen, E., Verdrag inzake de rechten van het kind, Garant NV, 2000, p.252 Prior, K., UNICEF, Harmelen, 2001, p. 321 Raad voor het jeugdbeleid, Van gedrag tot verdrag, SWP, 1996, p.78 Ling, L., Internationale regelgeving over de rechten van het kind, Defence for children international, 1993, p.145 Versmissen, M., Op de bres voor kinderrechten, Bakermat, 1993, p.58 Website www.unicef.nl www.unicef.com Logo: www.unicef.org.uk

Essay --

Introduction The previous chapter explained the method of data collection and alluded to the issues pertaining to the actual process of data collection. Once the data was collected from the respondents and coded, descriptive statistics and cross tabulations were performed on the data. The statistical analyses conducted illustrated the extent to which management’s inability to innovate causes corporate failure. The results of the statistical analyses from questionnaires are presented in this chapter. The implications of the findings are discussed in light of the literature reviewed in chapter two. Participants Questionnaires were sent to 120 people across several industries, educational level, race and gender. 98 approximately 82% of the 120 questionnaires sent out were answered and returned. Questionnaires Sent Out Answered Ignored 120 98 22 Gender Question one required respondents to state their gender. 97 questionnaires filled this answer except one. 64 of the respondents were male and 34 female. Gender Distribution Male Female 64 34 Racial distribution Question two was for respondents to state their race. This question was optional but fortunately, all participants filled it. 32 were Blacks, 43 Whites and 23 Asians. Every race had good representation. It was not a coincidence; it happened the way the questionnaires where distributed. Racial distribution Blacks Whites Asians 32.65% 43.88% 23.47% Educational Level Educational level was broken down in several categories, Primary School, Secondary School, High School, Undergraduate, Post graduate, Doctorate or PhD, Professional Qualification and Not Applicable so as to cover every group of persons. Responds where as follows: Educational Qualification Distribution ... ...of the respondents strongly agreed there is a strong positive relationship, 55% agreed, 4% disagreed, 7% strongly disagreed and no one was indifferent. Relationship between Management, Innovation, Customers and Business failure Strongly Agree 32 Agree 55 Neutral 0 Disagree 4 Strongly disagree 7 Conclusion This chapter focused on the actual findings of the study and presented the extent to which innovation can affect an organisation. The statistical nature of the findings was essential to give a clear view on how management’s inability to innovate can cause business failure. There is sufficient evidence to believe that the respondents of this study were engaged in best practice and any information in regards to their identity or personal issues were kept confidential. Based on the finding of this study, the recommendations will be presented in the next chapter.

North Korea Essay Essay

Imagine how life would be like if you lived in North Korea. A country so isolated and cut off from the rest of the world. Even after many decades from the war, North Korea and America have never truly been friends. North Korea holds America responsible for dividing their country into North and South. However there are many similarities and differences between America and North Korea. America is very different from North Korea. While we have a Constitution with a Bill of Rights, amendments and basic freedoms, they must follow whatever their leader says with no exceptions. Even though North Korea has a constitution and amendments, the leader still controls all of the country. American citizens are able to vote for their countries leader unlike North Korea, in which where the son of the leader takes his father’s place with ruling the country. So, only one man rules North Korea and all decisions are made by him. Distinct from North Korea, where people don’t have the due process of law, Americans have the right to try to prove that they are not guilty. North Koreans are brought up to love their leader and aren’t allowed to believe in anything else. For them, their leader is the greatest and he is always right. On the other hand, Americans are allowed to believe in whatever religion they choose is right for them. American citizens are all granted equal protection unlike North Korea where only high-ranking officials are provided with those same basic protections. Also, there is no Internet, and cell phones are banned from the country, which block the people from communicating with the rest of the world. Most Americans are provided with basic needs, but in North Korea, a lot of people (child or adult) go blind because they don’t have those basic needs. Lastly, because hospitals and medical care in North Korea is so bad, many people don’t get the treatment that they desperately need. Thankfully, in the U.S., we have good Medicare and trained doctors who are able to cure people every day. American rights also have many similarities to those of North Korean citizen. Both countries have very strong militaries. We similarly strive to become independent countries. The people in America and North Korea have responsibilities, duties, and limited rights. For example like paying taxes and respecting the leader/president. Even though the strictness of these  three elements may change in each country, people in both countries still have to do these things. Although America is a democratic country and North Korea is a theocracy, they both have a strong government system. North Korea is ruled by Kim Jon Sun, our government has three branches and a president. Citizens of America are required to have a passport to travel to other countries, which is a lot like how North Korean’s are needed to have documentation in order to go to different places in their country. There are certainly more differences than similarities between America and North Korea. Living in North Korea would most definitely not be easy. So many things are available to us in the U.S. that wouldn’t be available to us in North Korea. American citizens have fair rights and can believe in whatever they want. We are able to travel to other countries and live according to our rules. Over looking all of the pros and cons of both countries, America would undeniably be an easier and more unrestricted country to live in.

Arizona Constitution

The American constitution plays a crucial role in delegating of laws in the country and it governs all citizens. On the other hand, a state’s constitution serves a similar purpose but only under the state’s jurisdiction. This constitution is the basis for other state laws including those of other sections of the state government. This implies that all the laws outlined by this constitution affect its organization, operations and maintenance. Actions carried out outside the constitutional boundaries are considered to be illegal. As such, the Arizona constitution has endeavored to effectively guide the State of Arizona by impacting on the state’s counties, schools, municipalities and corporations. This paper will discuss these distinct effects. In essence, the State of Arizona constitution sets boundaries for all laws within the state. In Article 12 of the Arizona constitution, the issue of counties has been clearly addressed. This article is detailed with guidelines regarding various aspects of counties. The county is hereby defined and its fundamental roles displayed. For instance in section 3 of this article, specifications are made on county officers, their election and term of office. A county is depicted to be inclusive of such officers like the sheriff, county attorney, treasurer, and superintendent of schools, a recorder and supervisors (Arizona State Legislature, 2007). These officers occupy these positions for a period of four years and this predicts when they cease to serve the people of Arizona. The article also specifies on the election of these officers, their qualifications, duties and powers. This ensures the effective use of the law when there are individuals or groups of people embarked on using corrupt and selfish means. Furthermore, citizens within a particular county are empowered to elect leaders of their choice and also in the enactment of county charters. Ideally, when the county’s citizens implore for the collection of taxes it must be done under the provision of the county charters. This protects citizens from unfair imposition of taxes. Municipalities are also subject to the jurisdiction of the Arizona constitution. As outlined by McClory (2001), Article 13 of the said constitutions dictates the conditions for the creation of municipalities. Section 1 of the article notes that the municipalities are not created by any special laws but by the existing legislature. The constitution mandates the minimal population for any city’s or town’s elevation into a municipality as 3,500 residents. Only then can these residents elect a board of freeholders which further develops a charter for the creation of the municipality. Again, the constitution explicitly leaves the role of enacting such crucial decisions to the citizens. Only after they have voted and a majority of the citizens having voted in favor of the charter is it passed. The Arizona constitution also gives municipalities the right to engage in business or entrepreneurial activities as stated in Article 13, section 5. This positively impacts on the municipality especially since such enterprises like garbage collection and waste disposal for all households can work positively in the municipal’s development. Apart from Municipalities, the Arizona constitution has also made provisions for other corporations. In Arizona State Legislature (2007) Article 14, Section 1 outlines a substantial definition of corporations to include associations and companies which possess powers and privileges not possessed by sole individuals or partnerships. In addition, these entities are individualized and empowered to sue others and be sued in return. This makes it simple for citizens who have qualms with such corporations to seek the intervention of the law since they are treated as such entities under the law. As constitution directs the procedures and requirements for the formation of corporations, it similarly warns that failure to incorporate these conditions will make corporations non viable and their claims inadmissible in courts. Corporations are also limited by this article in their capacity to fund political actions and endeavors. Article 15 also addresses the same issue of corporations only its concern is on public service commissions. It is in this regard that this Article establishes the Arizona Corporation Commission (Arizona Corporation Commission, 2010). As entities formed with the sole purpose of offering necessary services to citizens, the commissions perform the role of regulating and providing public utilities. The constitution also indicates that these corporations are under state regulation which aids in creating accountability and effective operations in these bodies. Finally, public education in Arizona is also another area which is strictly controlled by the Arizona constitution. This is inclusive of all types of schools be it elementary, middle or high schools. Included in this lot are also colleges and universities. In Article 11, these schools’ conduct and supervision is delegated to a board of education, superintendent of public instruction, among other governing bodies as per the law. The constitution has served citizens with low income earnings as it provides for the establishment of free schools. Furthermore, it also facilitates the acquisition of permanent state school funds which in Article 11, Section 8, should be derived from the sale of school lands, from estate shares and any bequests made to the state for educational purposes (Arizona State Legislature, 2010). Gifford and Hunter (2000) emphasize the integral role of constitutional provisions for school funding on the effectiveness of the public education system. Its impeccable endeavor to safeguard the wellbeing of the visually and hearing impaired has also ensured their appropriate treatment in their search for education.

Malorie Blackman’s Noughts and Crosses Essay Example

Malorie Blackman’s Noughts and Crosses Essay Example Malorie Blackman’s Noughts and Crosses Paper Malorie Blackman’s Noughts and Crosses Paper Essay Topic: Literature In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet (c. 1595) and Malorie Blackman’s 2001 Noughts and Crosses, the theme of forbidden love is greatly conveyed throughout both texts. The themes are similar in each text, regardless of the severe differences in era which are highlighted contextually throughout each of the works. Forbidden love is the foundation to which the downfalls of characters occur and is a key component to the storylines of both texts. In both works, the character’s downfalls are greatly contributed to by those surrounding the main protagonists. This allows for the surrounding characters to stand out as the causes for the bad happenings in both texts, as it is they who make the love forbidden and perhaps thus more desirable to the protagonists. Sacrifice is a key theme in both works which helps to convey the way that both couples’ love is extremely important to the characters. Sacrifice is shown in Romeo and Juliet when they sacrifice their own lives because they are forbidden to be together. Romeo and Juliet sacrifice themselves because of what they believed in. The sacrifices also show that they would rather die than live without their love being allowed and accepted by the people around them. Juliet’s last words, â€Å"There rust and let me die†, emphasise the sacrifice that she makes upon learning of Romeo’s death. The words ‘let me’ show that Juliet wishes to be left to die, much in the way that she wanted to be allowed and left alone to love and be with Romeo. The idea of Juliet being allowed to die shows that she is making the sacrifice of her life as it is, in her mind, the only thing left that she can do which will be her own decision. She shows here that she wishes not to live without Romeo and without their love. The idea of Juliet lacking control over her future was a key concern in the Elizabethan era in which the play was written. This is down to the fact that young women like Juliet would have had decisions on big life choices often taken out of their hands. Fathers (or the head of the family) would often have the final say over who the daughter marries. This is shown in Juliet’s situation where her family have intentions for her to marry Count Paris, whilst she wishes to marry Romeo. Sacrifice is also conveyed in Romeo’s death in which before dying he says ‘here’s to my love. ’ This allows the link between the couple’s sacrifice and their love being forbidden to become apparent through the way that Romeo states that his death is for his ‘love. ’ Shakespeare’s use of the word ‘Here’s’ conveys that Romeo is killing himself for his love. Additionally, the word ‘here’s’ would usually be used in a kind of toast or tribute towards something. This allows for Romeo to glamorise his death by it being down to the love forbidden between the couple. The sacrifice in Romeo and Juliet coincides with Shakespeare’s famous genre of tragedy, which is conveyed throughout a number of his works but especially in Romeo and Juliet. David Scott Kastan suggests in his analysis that â€Å"Tragedy, for Shakespeare is the genre of uncompensated suffering. † I would agree with this idea as Shakespeare has incorporated this theory into Romeo and Juliet. The idea of the suffering being ‘uncompensated’ relates to the couple’s situation since they do not get any reward or gain for what they have endured in the end. This point relates to the couple making their individual sacrifices of life as these acts are uncompensated and unrewarded; they gain nothing from their actions. This idea of uncompensated sacrifice is down to the matter of their love being forbidden. The love being forbidden between the two characters results in the sacrifice of their own lives which shows how passionate both characters are about their love. It is conveyed in the language before each death that their sacrifices clearly link to their love being forbidden and frowned upon by others. Similarly, in Noughts and Crosses, Callum sacrifices his life for what he believes in. The ultimatum to sacrifice his life for the life of his baby or his baby’s life for his, results in Callum deciding to be executed. Much like in Romeo and Juliet, Sephy and Callum’s situation is out of their hands and out of their control. The people around them force the couple to make the decision as to who to sacrifice. Callum’s explanation that â€Å"He pulls the hood over my head. I try to pull back. Im not trying to run away. I just want to see her One last time † highlights his desperation to see Sephy for the last time. This conveys Callum’s love for Sephy and his position shows where the couple’s forbidden love has gotten him. This helps to highlight the way in which the couple’s love is truly forbidden and shows the extent of punishment for making their love known by having a baby. â€Å"I’m not trying to run away† shows the way in which Callum faces up to his inevitable sacrifice in the moment of it. Highlighting that he is ‘not’ trying to run away shows that he has accepted his fate to be executed. This shows the way that Callum has come to terms with the sacrifice he must make and in this he shows that he truly would rather save his unborn baby’s life than live on himself. The ellipsis conveys the tone of Callum’s thoughts as, whilst he clearly shows acceptance of his situation, its fragmentation highlights the way he feels about Sephy and it shows how he is much weaker and more emotional when it comes to thinking about her. The ellipsis at the end of the sentence could also represent the end of Callum’s life, as though it is to be continued. This idea could foreshadow the future after his death, conveying the way that his death could alter the views upon Noughts and Crosses being segregated in the future. Much like in Romeo and Juliet, the couple have to sacrifice something regardless of what they choose, whether it be their unborn baby or Callum himself. Whilst Romeo and Juliet would have not lost a physical person if they had not have sacrificed themselves, they would have lost out on the love that they wished to share together. The sacrifice of Callum’s life in Noughts and Crosses shows the way that the couple are forced into making a sacrifice in order to stand up for what they believe in. It also shows the extent of how forbidden their love really is, how seriously the people around them perceive it and how they are controlled by those around them to the point of a forced sacrifice. The outcomes postliminary to the sacrifices in each novel can give an array of answers as to whether the characters’ actions and decisions in the end benefitted each of society’s harsh beliefs around them. The characters surrounding the two couples in each text contribute a great amount to the outcomes and the decisions that the main protagonists make throughout the novels. This conveys the way in which the great sacrifices of life in each text affect the characters surrounding the main protagonists and shows these characters’ reactions to the events that they have partly caused. It allows the remaining characters in the texts to question whether the love was forbidden enough for lives to be lost. In Romeo and Juliet, after the couple sacrifice their lives, it is clear to see that the families put their feuds aside. Upon realising that the pair’s death was down to their love being forbidden by the families, Capulet refers to Montague as ‘brother Montague. The use of the word ‘brother’ highlights Capulet’s desire to resolve the feud. He has realised what has been lost because of the families’ differences. Referring to Montague as ‘brother’ may also indicate the way that Capulet feels guilt and remorse for what the situation has resulted in. In religious terms, ‘brother’ can also be used as a way to refer to a respected fellow male of the same faith. Since the play is set in Catholic Verona, it is possible that Shakespeare uses this language to suggest the respect from a religious perspective that Capulet wishes to show for Montague. This highlights that the families are not so different and shows that they do share similarities, regardless of their great feud. When Capulet exclaims ‘Poor sacrifices of our enmity! ’ Shakespeare demonstrates that Capulet understands exactly why Romeo and Juliet sacrificed themselves. The word ‘our’ shows that he accepts the shared blame for the deaths of the pair. The word ‘enmity’ connotes friction and hostility, which evidences the severity of the feud. The exclamation point after ‘enmity’ also helps to portray Capulet’s heartache and remorse as it makes his statement more dramatic and as though he has come to a great realisation. The tone created by the punctuation results in the strong, powerful man seeming helpless and remorseful, allowing the audience to recognise Capulet’s downfall just as he has. On the contrary, Callum’s death in Noughts and Crosses does not seem to affect the surrounding characters to the same extent as the tragedy in Romeo and Juliet does. Whilst Romeo and Juliet choose to sacrifice themselves, Callum is forced into execution after refusing to allow his unborn child to be executed. This may explain the neutral reaction after his death, because it was planned and intentional. After Callum’s death, it is clear to see Sephy’s upset and grievance, as expected. However, the situation in society does not change. In the sequel to the novel, Callum’s death is shown to have had an effect on society and shapes what will be accepted for the future. However, in the first of the Noughts and Crosses series, in the little time after Callum’s death, no characters responsible seem to feel remorseful. Blackman points out that â€Å"The deputy Prime Minister [Kamal Hadley] was unavailable for comment’’, making it clear that Kamal Hadley wishes to make no comments publicly about the execution of Callum McGregor. Since this is the last statement made about Kamal in the novel, it is unclear whether he refuses to comment because he does not care about Callum’s death or whether he refuses because he is guilty and remorseful. From Kamal’s attitude towards Callum throughout the novel, it is likely that he is careless and thoughtless of his death. However, it seems unusual that a man of such power and firm beliefs, would not make a statement or speech justifying his reasons for giving the pair this ultimatum in an attempt to get the public on his side. On the other hand, it could also be argued that there is no comment made because, despite what happened, Sephy gives her baby daughter Callum’s last name: ‘’Miss Hadley has issued a statement that her daughter†¦ will be taking her father’s name of McGregor. † The fact that Sephy is able to issue a statement whilst her father is not could show that she is the stronger one out of the two of them. It shows that, despite what has happened, she will continue to stand for what she believes in and not be put down by the beliefs of those surrounding her. Kamal’s failure to make a statement could be down to embarrassment as, despite killing Callum, he has not stopped his daughter from doing the unthinkable by having a child with a Cross. Although at this stage in the series there are no sure indications of how the events will effect society, Blackman foreshadows the events of the following books by incorporating such bravery and self-belief into Sephy’s character, right up until the end of the text. The forbidden love in both texts is ushered along by characters that could be considered as assistants or helpers to each couple in their different situations. Friar Lawrence comes across clearly as the helper in Romeo and Juliet in the way that he supports the couple. He believes that their love could be beneficial for both characters’ families, remarking that In one respect I’ll thy assistant be, For this alliance may so happy prove To turn your household’s rancor into pure love. Here, Friar Lawrence expresses the fact that he seeks to be an ‘assistant’ for the couple. He explains his reasons for believing that he should be, by expressing that he thinks the love could have a positive outcome for both families. The word ‘alliance’ connotes the idea to join and unite. This conveys Friar Lawrence’s want for unison and peace between the two families and shows that he believes the pair’s ‘alliance’ could help to achieve this. The word ‘rancor’, connoting bitterness and spite, describes the rottenness of the relationship between the two families. Friar Lawrence then uses ‘pure love’ to describe the way that the families could become if united. The use of ‘pure’ connotes innocence, fairness and also conveys religious imagery. The religious imagery here could be used to convey the way in which the couple’s love would be pure and not tarnished or affected by the evil in those around them. The religious imagery is contextually relevant to the setting of Romeo and Juliet as Roman Catholic Verona was obviously notably religious. It could also be used to indicate that Friar Lawrence expects them to marry and be a respectful, traditional couple of the time. The words ‘rancor’ and ‘pure love’ are a stark contrast. It allows for the two feelings to be conveyed and show the way in which the families will over time transform from feelings of bitterness and hatred to feelings of friendship and unison. This conveys the way that Friar Lawrence has good intentions for the couple, allowing the reader to see that he is a character with a good heart in the play, striving to do the right thing. Friar Lawrence clearly does not approve of the feud that the families have with each other. Similarly, in Noughts and Crosses, Jasmine Hadley does not seem to believe in the segregation between Noughts and Crosses, despite her ex-husband greatly believing in it and being a strong proponent of the cause. Jasmine proves this from the beginning of the novel when she shows herself to be a good friend of a Cross, who also works for her family. Jasmine is much like Friar Lawrence in the way that she also acts as a kind of assistant for Callum and his family without them knowing. However, whilst Friar Lawrence is open with Romeo and Juliet about assisting them, Jasmine is not. She secretly helps the family out of fear that she may be negatively affected and judged if people find out that she, as a Nought, is helping a Cross. This is demonstrated through her confession that â€Å"I did everything that was humanly possible to make sure Ryan McGregor wouldn’t hang. And that’s not to leave this room. Here Jasmine proves that she does have a guilty conscious towards the way that the crosses were treated. Her specification of ‘Humanly possible’ suggests that Jasmine did absolutely everything she could. However, this is contrasted by the possibility that Jasmine could have spoken up against what was happening as a well-respected Nought woman, and could have used her power to try and negotiate a change in how the Crosses are being treated. This shows the way in which Crosses would not speak out against the segregation and unfair treatment even if they wanted to. It highlights the way in which even they felt threatened to share their opinions and beliefs. This conveys the way in which even the Crosses found it hard to speak out against a firm, in place system. Jasmine’s insistence that â€Å"And that’s not to leave this room† backs up the idea that Crosses were afraid to speak out for what was right. Jasmine shows that even she is fearful of what would happen if people knew that she attempted to help a Nought family. Both novels convey helpers or assistants that attempt to help the different situations along the way. Friar Lawrence does it because he openly believes that it is the right thing to do. On the other hand, Jasmine Hadley acts upon her guilty conscience for the unfair way that the Noughts are treated. This conveys the way in which Friar Lawrence as a helper is selfless and helping for the best intentions, whilst Jasmine Hadley is helping because of her guilty conscience and inability to speak out for what she believes is right. Both works have clear themes of forbidden love shown throughout each text. Whilst the texts are both written by two very different writers and set in extremely different times, the themes and ideas are still similar throughout. The strong link between the two texts is the way in which the surrounding characters impact each of the situations and alter the end result of both texts. Without the surrounding characters, there would be no forbidden love and thus no storyline for either of the texts. Both texts provoke thought amongst the audience as to whether the dramatic acts of that characters will alter the society’s views in each of the texts, or whether life will stay the same; cruelly ignoring what has been lost and what has been broken beyond repair.

Convert Decimal Degrees into Degrees, Minutes, Seconds

Convert Decimal Degrees into Degrees, Minutes, Seconds When looking at maps and surveys, youll sometimes  find degrees given in decimal degrees (121.135 degrees) instead of the more common degrees, minutes, and seconds (121 degrees, 8 minutes, and 6 seconds). Its easy to convert from a decimal to the sexagesimal system if, for example, you need to combine data from maps that are calculated in two different systems. Or maybe youve done some math with some data in decimal degrees format and need to convert back to degrees, minutes, and seconds to plot the coordinates on a map. When you use GPS systems, for example when geocaching, you should be able to switch between the different coordinate systems on your device.   Heres How to Do the Conversion There are online calculators, but its not that tough to do the calculation from decimal degrees to degrees, minutes, and seconds by hand when needed; you start by breaking down your existing figure.   The whole units of degrees will remain the same (e.g., if your figure is 121.135 degrees longitude, start with 121 degrees).Multiply the decimal portion of the figure by 60 (e.g., .135 * 60 8.1).The whole number becomes the minutes (8).Take the remaining decimal and multiply it by 60  (e.g., .1 * 60 6).The resulting number becomes the seconds (6 seconds). Seconds can remain as a decimal if needed.Take your three sets of numbers and put them together, (e.g., 121 °86 longitude would be equivalent to 121.135 degrees longitude). FYI After you have degrees, minutes, and seconds, its often easier to find your location on most maps (especially topographic maps).Though there are 360 degrees in a circle, each degree is divided into 60 minutes, and each minute is divided into 60 seconds.A degree is 70 miles (113 km), a minute 1.2 miles (1.9 km), and a second is .02 miles, or 106 feet (32  m).  Use a negative sign before figures in the Southern Hemisphere and in the Western Hemisphere.